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Volta Aluminum Company, known as Valco, is an aluminium company based in Ghana founded by Kaiser Aluminum and now wholly owned by the government of Ghana. Valco is a joint venture with Alcoa, the major aluminum conglomerate based in the United States. In 1961 Valco invested in the Akosombo Hydroelectric Project project to provide energy for its aluminum smelters. The company had negotiated favorable terms for power purchase with the government. The agreement was re-negotiated in 1985, as part of the program of the Rawlings government, to reflect the increased value of electrical energy.〔Wolfgang Peter, Jean-Quentin de Kuyper, Bénédict de Candolle ''Arbitration and renegotiation of international investment agreements'', Kluwer Law International, 1995 ISBN 90-411-0037-7 pp. 108-118〕 ==Operations== Valco smelts alumina to produce aluminium ingots at its smelter at Tema. Locally, a major Ghanaian customer of Valco is Aluworks. While one motivation for establishing the plant was the local availability of alumina, mostly it was imported from Jamaica. In May 2003 Valco closed completely due to problems in negotiating a supply of electricity. In 2004 the government purchased most of the company. It reopened in early 2006.〔(Company Reports Aluworks 2006 ). gcsinvestments.com.〕〔(Ghana Valco Smelter ). alcoa.com.〕 In June 2008 Alcoa sold its 10% stake in Valco to the government of Ghana.〔Geological Survey (U.S.), ''Minerals Yearbook, 2008, V. 3, Area Reports, International, Africa and the Middle East'' Government Printing Office, 2010 ISBN 1-4113-2965-1, page 19-2〕 The smelter has a capacity of 200,000 metric tons per year of ingots but was shut down between 2007 and 2011. In early 2011 it has been operating at about 20% of its capacity, producing 3000 tons per month, mostly for local consumption, with plans to activate a second potline to bring monthly production up to 6000 tons.〔http://www.gbcghana.com/index.php?id=1.345235 Retrieved November 9th 2011〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Volta Aluminum Company」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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